Published23 September 2026, 09:05 BST
The UK has been warned over ballooning debt costs and slower economic growth ahead of Chancellor John Healey's first Budget next month.
The UK was among countries facing downgraded growth forecasts in a report by the influential Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) on Wednesday.
That came as the head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) told the BBC that Britain and the US needed to reduce debt due to spiralling borrowing costs.
The ongoing conflict in the Middle East and the Russia-Ukraine war has pushed up the cost of crude oil leading to higher fuel and energy costs, which in turn has driven up inflation around the world.
The UK economy will grow by slightly less than expected next year, according to the OECD which now expects growth of 1% next year rather than 1.1%.
However, it said the UK had proved more resilient than expected this year, upgrading its forecast for growth 0.9% to 1.1%.
Meanwhile, IMF head Kristalina Georgieva told the BBC on Tuesday that global economic shocks had been "pushing debt levels up like a staircase not to heaven" but that governments had taken "no action to contain that service cost".
"[It's] time to take that action," she said, adding that "courage" was needed by politicians to take the necessary steps.
Inflation has also pushed up the cost of interest on government debt, which alongside an unexpected surge in government borrowing in August has added to the pressure on Healey.
Prime Minister Andy Burnham said on Wednesday that the UK's high level of borrowing had left it "over-exposed" to global shocks.
However, he said he stood by his point – made a year ago – that Britain should be less "in hock" to investors in the bond markets. At the time, the comments spooked investors due to fears he was calling for spending restraints to be eased.
Burnham has made easing the cost-of-living for households one of his key aims, while the government is under pressure to spend more on defence.
He and Healey face a difficult balancing act, trying to offer more support to households while sticking to Labour's manifesto commitments on tax and the government's self-imposed fiscal rules.
The impact of higher fuel prices next year depends on how long supply disruptions last, and stockpiles of oil and supplies from outside the Gulf states have helped cushion the effects on economies so far, the OECD said.
Budget airline Ryanair will put up prices next summer as a result of persistently higher oil prices. Chief executive Michael O'Leary said ticket prices will be "materially higher", adding that carriers are in an "almost unprecedented" situation.
Ryanair's fuel bill could jump by $1.5bn (£1.1bn) next year to $7.5bn, he said.
Risks to the global economy include weaker-than-expected returns on AI investment and climate-change related supply shocks, the OECD said.
Next year, global growth is expected to also be 0.1% lower, with countries affected including Australia, Canada, and the Euro-area.
Weather-related shocks, including from a strong El Nino, could hit farmers and help push up food prices, it added.
In addition, tariffs and export restrictions on trade continue to add to uncertainty, it said. New US tariffs from July as part of the Trump administration's ongoing volatile trade policy have raised its effective tariff rate by 1%.
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Chief Secretary to the Treasury Emma Reynolds said: "Despite unprecedented pressures and conflict in both the Middle East and in Europe, the UK economy is showing strong resilience."
She added that the government is "already giving families space to breathe" and "starting the big, long-term changes needed to create good jobs and growth in every postcode".
However, Conservative shadow chancellor Andrew Griffith said the OECD urges countries to "control spending and improve public sector efficiency".
"Instead, this government is trying to find new ways to tax you whilst having to pay interest rates on their borrowing which are the highest in the G7," he said.
Ruth Gregory, deputy chief UK economist at Capital Economics, said that the UK had "so far remained resilient to higher energy prices", but most of that reflected businesses having built up stock and households not putting so much disposable income into savings.
However, this effect would be temporary, with growth more muted next year.
She added that the "drag" on the economy from energy prices would pick up, while as a percentage of the UK's economic output, debt interest payments are forecast to hit levels seen in the mid-1980s.
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